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class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-10-18T05:00:00.000Z" title="发表于 2020-10-18 13:00:00">2020-10-18</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2020-12-27T09:23:14.596Z" title="更新于 2020-12-27 17:23:14">2020-12-27</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">工作笔记</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA/">链路追踪</a></span></div><div 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id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><blockquote>
<p><strong>前言</strong></p>
<br>

<p>新项目查日志太麻烦，多台机器之间查来查去，还不知道是不是同一个请求的。打印日志时使用 MDC 在日志上添加一个 traceId，那这个 traceId 如何跨系统传递呢？</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="背景"><a href="#背景" class="headerlink" title="背景"></a>背景</h3><p>同样是新项目开发的笔记，因为使用的是分布式架构，涉及到各个系统之间的交互</p>
<p><img src= "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/article/hHJYwn-b0KzBU.png" alt="hHJYwn-b0KzBU"></p>
<p>这时候就会遇到一个很常见的问题：</p>
<ol>
<li>单个系统是集群部署，日志分布在多台服务器上；</li>
<li>多个系统的日志在多台机器，但是一次请求，查日志更是难上加难。</li>
</ol>
<p><img src= "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/article/53_b91a8fc194febf0f3d3edf032e6cf78d-dSqBDj.jpg" alt="53_b91a8fc194febf0f3d3edf032e6cf78d-dSqBDj"></p>
<h4 id="解决方案"><a href="#解决方案" class="headerlink" title="解决方案"></a>解决方案</h4><ol>
<li>使用 SkyWalking traceid 进行链路追踪；</li>
<li>使用 Elastic APM 的 trace.id 进行链路追踪；</li>
<li>自己生成 traceId 并 put 到 MDC 里面。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="MDC"><a href="#MDC" class="headerlink" title="MDC"></a>MDC</h3><p>MDC（Mapped Diagnostic Context）是一个映射，用于存储运行上下文的特定线程的上下文数据。因此，如果使用log4j进行日志记录，则每个线程都可以拥有自己的MDC，该MDC对整个线程是全局的。属于该线程的任何代码都可以轻松访问线程的MDC中存在的值。</p>
<h4 id="如何使用-MDC"><a href="#如何使用-MDC" class="headerlink" title="如何使用 MDC"></a>如何使用 MDC</h4><ol>
<li>在 <strong>log4j2-spring.xml</strong> 的日志格式中添加 <code>%X&#123;traceId&#125;</code> 配置。</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="xml">&lt;Property name=&quot;LOG_PATTERN&quot;&gt;
    [%d&#123;yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS&#125;]-[%t]-[%X&#123;traceId&#125;]-[%-5level]-[%c&#123;36&#125;:%L]-[%m]%n
&lt;/Property&gt;
&lt;Property name=&quot;LOG_PATTERN_ERROR&quot;&gt;
    [%d&#123;yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS&#125;]-[%t]-[%X&#123;traceId&#125;]-[%-5level]-[%l:%M]-[%m]%n
&lt;/Property&gt;

&lt;!-- 省略 --&gt;

&lt;!--这个输出控制台的配置--&gt;
&lt;Console name=&quot;Console&quot; target=&quot;SYSTEM_OUT&quot; follow=&quot;true&quot;&gt;
    &lt;!--输出日志的格式--&gt;
    &lt;PatternLayout charset=&quot;UTF-8&quot;  pattern=&quot;$&#123;LOG_PATTERN&#125;&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/Console&gt;</code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>新增拦截器</li>
</ol>
<p>拦截所有请求，从 header 中获取 traceId 然后放到 MDC 中，如果没有获取到，则直接用 UUID 生成一个。</p>
<pre><code class="java">@Slf4j
@Component
public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor &#123;

    private static final String TRACE_ID = &quot;traceId&quot;;

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception arg3) throws Exception &#123;
    &#125;

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception &#123;
    &#125;

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception &#123;

        String traceId = request.getHeader(TRACE_ID);
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(traceId)) &#123;
            MDC.put(TRACE_ID, UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        &#125; else &#123;
            MDC.put(TRACE_ID, traceId);
        &#125;


        return true;
    &#125;

&#125;</code></pre>
<ol start="3">
<li>配置拦截器</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="java">@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer &#123;
    @Resource
    private LogInterceptor logInterceptor;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) &#123;
        registry.addInterceptor(logInterceptor)
                .addPathPatterns(&quot;/**&quot;);
    &#125;
&#125;</code></pre>
<h4 id="跨服务之间如何传递-traceId"><a href="#跨服务之间如何传递-traceId" class="headerlink" title="跨服务之间如何传递 traceId"></a>跨服务之间如何传递 traceId</h4><ul>
<li>FeignClient</li>
</ul>
<p>因为这边使用的是 FeignClient 进行服务之间的调用，只需要新增请求拦截器即可</p>
<pre><code class="java">@Configuration
public class FeignInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor &#123;

    private static final String TRACE_ID = &quot;traceId&quot;;

    @Override
    public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate) &#123;

        requestTemplate.header(TRACE_ID, MDC.get(TRACE_ID));

    &#125;
&#125;</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Dubbo</li>
</ul>
<p>如果是 Dubbo 可以通过扩展 Filter 的方式传递 traceId</p>
<ol>
<li>编写 filter</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="java">@Activate(group = &#123;&quot;provider&quot;, &quot;consumer&quot;&#125;)
public class TraceIdFilter implements Filter &#123;

    @Override
    public Result invoke(Invoker&lt;?&gt; invoker, Invocation invocation) throws RpcException &#123;


        RpcContext rpcContext = RpcContext.getContext();


        String traceId;

        if (rpcContext.isConsumerSide()) &#123;

            traceId = MDC.get(&quot;traceId&quot;);

            if (traceId == null) &#123;
                traceId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            &#125;

            rpcContext.setAttachment(&quot;traceId&quot;, traceId);

        &#125;

        if (rpcContext.isProviderSide()) &#123;
            traceId = rpcContext.getAttachment(&quot;traceId&quot;);
            MDC.put(&quot;traceId&quot;, traceId);
        &#125;

        return invoker.invoke(invocation);
    &#125;
&#125;</code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>指定 filter</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="text">src
 |-main
    |-java
        |-com
            |-xxx
                |-XxxFilter.java (实现Filter接口)
    |-resources
        |-META-INF
            |-dubbo
                |-org.apache.dubbo.rpc.Filter (纯文本文件，内容为：xxx=com.xxx.XxxFilter)</code></pre>
<p>截图如下：</p>
<p><img src= "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/article/STZ8hr-q8AmQ6.png" alt="STZ8hr-q8AmQ6"></p>
<p>测试结果如下：</p>
<p><img src= "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/article/FKroew-oE1qSz.png" alt="FKroew-oE1qSz"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>dubbo filter 相关源码地址在文末<br>也可以关注公众号，发送 traceid 获取</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="其他方式"><a href="#其他方式" class="headerlink" title="其他方式"></a>其他方式</h4><p>当然如果小伙伴们有使用 SkyWalking 或者 Elastic APM 也可以通过以下方式进行注入：</p>
<ol>
<li>SkyWalking</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="xml">&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.skywalking&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;apm-toolkit-log4j-2.x&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;&#123;project.release.version&#125;&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency</code></pre>
<p>然后将 <code>[%traceId]</code> 配置在 log4j2.xml 文件的 pattern 中即可</p>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>Elastic APM</p>
<ol>
<li>在启动时指定 enable_log_correlation 为 true</li>
<li>将 <code>%X&#123;trace.id&#125;</code> 配置在 log4j2.xml 文件的 pattern 中</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="扩展"><a href="#扩展" class="headerlink" title="扩展"></a>扩展</h3><h4 id="统一日志采集"><a href="#统一日志采集" class="headerlink" title="统一日志采集"></a>统一日志采集</h4><p>虽然有了 traceId 可以进行全链路追踪查询日志，但是毕竟也是在多台服务器上，为了提高查询效率，可以考虑将日志汇总到一起。</p>
<p>常用的使用方法就是基于 ELK 的日志系统：</p>
<ol>
<li>使用 filebeat 采集日志报送到 logstash</li>
<li>logstash 进行分词过滤等处理，输出到 Elasticsearch</li>
<li>使用 Kinbana 或者自己开发的可视化工具从 Elasticsearch 查询日志</li>
</ol>
<p><img src= "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/article/aBn5LF-utuTLx.png" alt="aBn5LF-utuTLx"></p>
<h4 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h4><p>本文主要记录近期开发过程中的遇到的一点问题，希望对小伙伴也有所帮助。不足之处，欢迎指正。如果小伙伴有其他的建议或者观点欢迎留言讨论，共同进步。</p>
<h4 id="相关资料"><a href="#相关资料" class="headerlink" title="相关资料"></a>相关资料</h4><ol>
<li>Log4j 2 API：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/thread-context.html">https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/thread-context.html</a></li>
<li>SkyWalking：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/master/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent">https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/master/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent</a></li>
<li>Elastic APM：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/apm/agent/java/current/log-correlation.html">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/apm/agent/java/current/log-correlation.html</a></li>
<li>Dubbo filter：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/dev/impls/filter.html">http://dubbo.apache.org/zh-cn/docs/dev/impls/filter.html</a></li>
<li>本文 Dubbo filter demo：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/liuzhihang/trace">https://github.com/liuzhihang/trace</a></li>
</ol>
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class="toc-link" href="#MDC"><span class="toc-text">MDC</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-MDC"><span class="toc-text">如何使用 MDC</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%B7%A8%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92-traceId"><span class="toc-text">跨服务之间如何传递 traceId</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="toc-text">其他方式</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95"><span class="toc-text">扩展</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E9%87%87%E9%9B%86"><span class="toc-text">统一日志采集</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99"><span class="toc-text">相关资料</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/2021/09/04/the_converter_converts_front_end_parameters_to_enumerations.html" title="使用 SpringBoot 转换器将前端参数转换为枚举"><img src= "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/loading.gif" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/article/uztio4-T5n5Wm.jpg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/liuzhihang/oss/pic/feature/92776_n5aac6.jpg'" alt="使用 SpringBoot 转换器将前端参数转换为枚举"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/2021/09/04/the_converter_converts_front_end_parameters_to_enumerations.html" title="使用 SpringBoot 转换器将前端参数转换为枚举">使用 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